What are the most common causes of respiratory diseases?

Cough, expectoration, hemoptysis, shortness of breath, wheezing, chest pain, etc. These symptoms have different characteristics in different respiratory diseases. 1. Cough: Acute attack of irritating dry cough accompanied by fever and hoarseness, which is common in acute laryngitis, tracheitis and bronchitis; Cough for many years, aggravated in autumn and winter, and more consideration should be given to chronic bronchitis; Cough and expectoration are aggravated when posture changes, which are more common in bronchiectasis or lung abscess; Cough with chest pain is more common in pneumonia and pleurisy; Paroxysmal dry cough (especially at night) suggests cough variant asthma; Hyperactivity dry cough with dyspnea may be caused by bronchial lung cancer involving trachea or main bronchus; Idiopathic pulmonary interstitial fibrosis or bronchoalveolar carcinoma should be considered if the persistent and gradually aggravated irritating cough is accompanied by shortness of breath. 2. expectoration: the nature, quantity and smell of sputum are helpful for diagnosis. Generally, sputum changes from white foam or mucus to purulent, mostly bacterial infection; A large number of yellow pus and phlegm are common in lung abscess or bronchiectasis; Rust-like sputum may be streptococcus pneumoniae infection; Red-brown jelly-like sputum often suggests Klebsiella pneumoniae infection; When accompanied by anaerobic bacteria infection, purulent sputum has a bad smell; When pulmonary edema occurs, cough pink thin foam sputum; Pulmonary amebiasis is characterized by coffee-like sputum; Paragonimus is jam-like sputum. The increase or decrease of sputum volume reflects the aggravation of infection or the reduction of inflammation. If the sputum volume suddenly decreases and the body temperature rises, it may be related to poor bronchial drainage. 3. Hemoptysis: Blood in sputum is a common symptom of tuberculosis and lung cancer. Hemoptysis (especially more than 300 ml in 24 hours) is more common in bronchiectasis and tuberculosis. Acute bronchitis, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism and pulmonary congestion caused by the stenosis of the second apex can also cause hemoptysis, but they are all short-term. 4. Dyspnea: Dyspnea is mainly manifested in breathing frequency, depth and rhythm. According to the attack speed, it can be divided into acute attack, chronic attack and recurrent attack. Acute shortness of breath with chest pain often suggests pneumonia, pneumothorax and pleural effusion; Chronic progressive shortness of breath is seen in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and diffuse pulmonary interstitial fibrosis; When bronchial asthma attacks, expiratory dyspnea often occurs, accompanied by wheezing, which can disappear completely when relieved, and the symptoms reappear in the next attack. Dyspnea can be divided into inhalation type, exhalation type and mixed type. Laryngeal edema, laryngotracheal inflammation, tumor or foreign body cause upper respiratory tract stenosis, resulting in inspiratory wheezing; Asthma or asthmatic bronchitis can cause extensive bronchospasm in the lower respiratory tract, thus causing expiratory wheezing. Chitin with cation, combined with intestinal bile acid, can block digestion and absorption, dredge bile duct, reduce neutral and low density lipoprotein, dissolve thrombus and prevent arteriosclerosis and stroke. 5. Chest pain: lungs and visceral pleura are insensitive to pain. Chest pain may occur when parietal pleura is involved in pneumonia, tuberculosis, pulmonary infarction, pulmonary abscess and other diseases. Chest pain with high fever should be considered. When lung cancer invades parietal pleura or ribs, there will be dull pain, which will continue to worsen and even knife pain. Pleurisy often causes chest pain on both sides with a large amount of chest activity, which is related to cough and deep inhalation; Spontaneous pneumothorax can suddenly cause severe pain when coughing or holding your breath.