Create a Republic
Wuchang Uprising
19110 Wuchang uprising broke out, the Qing court shook, and the Qing soldiers fought fiercely with the revolutionary army in Hankou. On the 23rd, the Qing court ordered the prefect section of Jiangbei to go north to Hubei by sea to participate in the war. On 25th, Duan was appointed as the second army (also known as. 1 13 10/3 Yuan Shikai sent a delegation to Shaanxi to deal with the aftermath of Wu Luzhen's assassination. In 18, Yuan Shikai ordered Duan to go south and concurrently served as the president of the First Army, and was appointed as the governor with the rank of second class. 12 14 With Feng, he handed over the key volumes of the first army's military management and customs defense, and stationed in Xiaogan, Hubei Province, fully responsible for the combat tasks of the front line and the revolutionary army, and oppressed the revolutionary army by force.
Forcing the Qing court to abdicate
1912 65438+10. On 5 October, Duan retreated to Xiaogan from Hankou, and on 7 October, he sent general counsel Jin back to Beijing from Hankou to seek unity with various armies and demand republicanism. 65438126 October, Duan complied with Yuan Shikai's will and joined 46 senior Beiyang generals in writing, urging the Qing court to abdicate. Note "Establishing a Republic" (1), Yuan Shikai, Xu Shichang, Feng and Wang Shizhen called Duan and asked them to advise the generals not to act rashly. On February 5th, Duan United more than eight generals of an army to send a telegram (2), claiming to "lead all the soldiers to Beijing", and moved his headquarters from Xiaogan, Hubei Province to Baoding, Hebei Province on 10, making a gesture of going to Beijing to force the palace, and arrived in Beijing on1. /kloc-in February of 0/2, the Empress Dowager Qing was forced by various pressures and finally abdicated the Qing Emperor, which was Duan's "total peace".
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19 12 February 15, Yuan Shikai was elected as the interim president by the Nanjing Provisional Senate. On June 17, Yuan Rangduan acted as the military chief, with the power to train, transfer troops and promote officers. 10 In March, Yuan Shikai was appointed as the interim president of the Republic of China in Beijing; 1 1 In March, Tang was appointed Prime Minister of the Cabinet; On March 29th, Duan was appointed Chief of Staff of the Army, and the first cabinet was established in Beijing. Duan actively participated in Yuan Shikai's activities to crack down on the responsible cabinet and revolutionaries. On August 16, 2006, Duan's deputy was the governor-general, which enabled Yuan Shikai and Li to realize the plot to assassinate the founding fathers of Wuchang. On the 22nd, the Senate impeached Duan, and on the 23rd, Duan went to the Senate to reply. On September 7, Yuan Shikai awarded Duan as an army general. 65438 10 9 was awarded special honor and second-class golden harvest chapter. 1913 March 10, Duan signed a loan contract of 200 million yuan with Jebsen foreign firm of Germany to buy arms to suppress the revolution. /kloc-in may, 2000, Duan, acting as the prime minister as the chief of the army, proudly refused to answer the question of the state councilor of the house of representatives (about the loan for the aftermath). 17 July, the Prime Minister was dismissed. /kloc-In July of 0/9, he acted as the Prime Minister again and participated in the "Second Revolution" of the Kuomintang. On August 26th, Xiong Xiling, the new prime minister, took office, and Duan remained the commander-in-chief of the three armed forces. On February 8, 65438, Duan was ordered by Yuan Shikai to go to Wuchang to "welcome" Vice President Li into Beijing with the word "discuss weight". On the evening of the 9th, Li and dozens of others boarded the bus and headed north accompanied by Li. On February 8, 65438, Yuan Shikai announced that Duan, the chief of staff of the Army, was temporarily appointed as the governor of Hubei. 1 965438+February, 20041day, Yuan Shikai called Duan to work in Beijing and sent Duan as acting governor of Hubei. /kloc-in February of 0/3, he led the Henan viceroy (the former viceroy Zhang was dismissed because of the Blanc uprising) and mobilized troops from Henan, Hubei and Anhui provinces to suppress the Blanc uprising. On April 3, Yuan Shikai recruited Duan to go to Beijing as the governor, and Tian Wenlie was appointed as the governor of Yuzhou. On May 8, Yuan Shikai set up Marshal Lu Haijun's Command Post as the highest military command organ of the government, and took the power of the War Department as his own. The army chief of staff was demoted to office clerk. Duan was very dissatisfied with this and often excused himself at the meeting. His official duties were also handled by Xu Shuzheng, commander of the Second Army. On June 30, Yuan Shikai ordered the establishment of a general office and appointed Duan as General Jianwei to manage the affairs of the general office. 10 year10.8, Wen was awarded the first class merit. 19 15 18 1 October 18, Japan proposed "Twenty-one Articles" to Yuan Shikai,1February, 19, and General Duan and Feng of the province called the Beiyang government and said. On March 19, 2009, Yuan Shikai held a meeting with Japan, and Duan advocated being tough with Japan. On May 2nd, Li, the chief of staff, Duan, the chief of the army and Liu Guanxiong, the chief of the navy, led three departments to the temple to take an oath to show their loyalty to the country. On May 8, the Cabinet discussed Japan's ultimatum to ask Yuan Shikai to sign Article 2 1. Duan held a separate objection and advocated mobilizing the army and taking a tough attitude toward Japan. Yuan Shikai decided to give in and resigned on the 30th, claiming to be ill. On 30th, Yuan Shikai took Wang Shizhen as the chief of the Ministry of War, and made a condolence order on Duan's illness. Duan gave him two months' holiday to live in Xishan. On August 3, because a Japanese newspaper said Duan and Yuan Shikai were going to break up, Duan electrified a rumor and denounced the newspaper for sowing dissension. On August 65438+4, 2004, Duan expressed dissatisfaction with Yuan Shikai's imperial behavior. On August 28th, Yuan Shikai ordered Duan to be officially relieved of his post as army chief of staff. In February 65438+, Yuan Shikai proclaimed himself emperor and was knighted, but Duan did not. 1965438+On March 22nd, 2006, Yuan Shikai was forced to cancel the Hongxian monarchy. In order to fight against the south, he had to ask Duan to come back and appointed Duan as chief of staff on March 23. On April 22, Duan succeeded Xu Shichang as the State Secretary of the City Hall, and on April 23, he served as the Chief of the Army, without the Chief of Staff. On May 8, the government affairs hall was abolished, the State Council and the name of the Prime Minister were restored, the responsibility cabinet system was implemented, and Duan was appointed as the Prime Minister. However, Yuan is not at ease with Duan. Instead of following Duan's advice, he secretly asked Liang Shiyi to check his elbow, which deepened Duan's resentment and made him indifferent to the changes in the military and political situation at that time. On May 12, Duan ordered China Bank and Bank of Communications to stop paying cash, which made people more dissatisfied with the RMB. On June 6, Yuan Shikai died of illness, and on July 7, Li succeeded as president, which was Duan's "second republic".
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Debate between the government and the court
duan qirui
On June 22, Duan electrified and opposed the restoration of the Constitution of People's Republic of China (PRC), still taking the Constitution of People's Republic of China (PRC) as the governance standard. On June 23, Yuan Shikai was publicly sacrificed, and Duan represented the Beiyang government as the main sacrifice. On June 29, the "Secretary of State" was abolished, Duan was re-appointed as Prime Minister and Chief of Staff of the Army, and the responsible cabinet was organized, and the forces of Anhui were gradually formed. In August of 2 1 year, Duan was appointed as the prime minister and chief of staff of the army, and he mastered the real power of the Beijing government, but Duan acted arbitrarily and became a "court battle." On June 10, 10, the first-class Bao Guangjia was awarded. 165438+1October 8, Duan fell out with Li because of the contradiction between Sun and Xu Shuzheng, so he could not work in the State Council, and Xu Shichang went to Beijing to reconcile. 165438+1On October 20th, Li was dismissed as the chief grandson of the internal affairs department. 12 On February 24th, Duan personally held secret talks with representatives of the Japanese Prime Minister to discuss the issue of "Sino-Japanese goodwill". 1965438+February 2007 16, paragraph strongly urged to join the allied forces, and Li expressed opposition. Because of the fierce conflict between the government and the imperial court on the issue of declaring war on Germany, Duan manipulated the overseers to intimidate the anti-war forces. On March 4th, Duan and all State Councillors held a meeting in the Presidential Palace to discuss the issue of Germany, that is, asked President Lee to send a special envoy to the Allies to ask the host government about the conditions of breaking diplomatic relations with Germany. As soon as Congress agreed to break diplomatic relations with Lebanon, Duan went to Tianjin angrily. On the 5th, Li sent Feng and Tang Hualong to stay, and then returned to Beijing on the 6th. On the 9th, he presided over the case of breaking diplomatic relations with Germany. On May 10, the House of Representatives opened a committee of the whole house to examine the case of declaring war on Germany. Duan sent a petition group to surround the hospital (commanded by Jin and Fu), and forced the case through on the same day, beating opposition members, which made people lose face. The House of Representatives immediately changed its meeting, invited Duan to attend, and civic groups began to disperse. On June 19, the House of Representatives decided to postpone the discussion. On the 20th, Duan wrote to the overseers to dissolve the National Assembly and decided not to retreat or approve it. The contradiction is irreconcilable. On the 20th of 2 1 year, Li sued the overseers and demanded the dissolution of the National Assembly, but only Duan resigned.