Wei comes after Wei. "Qianniu", the name of the knife, says that the sharpness of the knife can kill Qianniu. Thousand knives are always around, and later they are compared to the guards standing beside the emperor. In the Tang Dynasty, there were left and right Niu Qianwei, who was one of the forbidden guards and belonged to Niu Qian. In the Song Dynasty, there were about 1000 cowboys and generals. Liao and Jin Dynasties were also established and abolished after the Yuan Dynasty.
Qian Niuwei: The imperial army mainly protects the emperor. The princes and nobles set up sixteen guards in the court because of the implementation of the imperial military system in the early Tang Dynasty. The name of Sixteen Guards changed greatly in the early Tang Dynasty. By the early Tang Dynasty, it was generally fixed as left-right guards, left-right guards, left-right guards, left-right guards, left-right guards, left-right guards, left-right guards, left-right guards, left-right guards.
Qian Niuwei in the Tang Dynasty was the imperial army, and General Qian Niuwei was the commander of the imperial army, so there were about 2,000 Qian Niuwei. Internal security is mainly engaged in service work, depending on the monarch's preference, and there is no absolute quantity requirement.
Extended data:
major function
1, security etiquette
First of all, the Royal Guards are the emperor's bodyguard, pro-army, honor guard, composed of generals, a captain, and Lux. The general's name was "Tianwu", but it was renamed "General Dahan" in Yongle period, and he was chosen as the guardian of the temple. Captain A and Lux choose men who are healthy and have no criminal record. The captain is in charge of the halogen book and umbrella cover, and Lux holds the golden drum and flag.
On weekdays, when there is no activity in the meeting, all the guards are on duty at the four gates of the imperial city, but the general Royal Guards guard outside the noon gate day and night, with a total of *** 100 people. The meridian gate is the main entrance of Miyagi, which shows the high status of the Royal Guards.
When the emperor was listening to politics at the Imperial Gate of Fengtianmen (now the Taihe Gate of the Forbidden City), a member of the Shangguan of the Royal Guards Hall stood on the west side of the throne and was responsible for the command. One hundred and twenty-nine Royal Guards, two thousand soldiers and four hundred soldiers were guarding Chanpen, Yudao, Jinshui Bridge and Fengtianmen Square respectively. In addition, there are 500 Royal Guards, arranged inside and outside the meridian gate, who are responsible for flogging and guarding the sacrificial ceremony.
At the three major conferences every year, namely, Zheng Dan, Winter Solstice and Wanshou Festival, the Royal Guards and other pro-armies have to undertake the duties of guarding and ceremonial ceremonies. The honor guard has more than 4000 people, including 1500 royal guards. During the court meeting, the closest to the emperor is the Royal Guards, who are always at your disposal.
Whenever the emperor goes out for a sacrifice or parade, the Royal Guards have to accompany him before driving. Some of them are responsible for patrolling along the way, some are responsible for passing messages between the city and the capital, and some ride beside the coachman, conveying the ups and downs of imperial chariots.
Due to its function as a guard of honor, Royal Guards' costumes are extremely gorgeous. The official uniform worn by a captain follows the style of Yuan Dynasty costumes, which is called "Goose Hat Jinyi" in Chang 'an Hakka dialect, that is, a hat decorated with goose feathers and brightly colored clothes. Whenever the emperor sacrifices or marches, the captain of the Royal Guards, as an attendant, must wear a flying suit with a spring knife embroidered around his waist.
Flying fish suit is a grand dress second only to embroidered robe, and officials can only wear it at a certain level. Embroidered Spring Knife is light and short, so you can't wear it without the imperial power. During Jingtai period, the Royal Guards and guards on duty were allowed to wear Kirin clothing, which was only suitable for male Hou, Bo and Xu. General Dahan of the Royal Guard should wear a helmet decorated with flags and a double-breasted armor when on duty.
Armor has various colors such as golden helmet, red helmet, red helmet and blue helmet. Palace gold medals and sabres should be hung around your waist, and melons or axes should be held in your hands. You can clearly see Jin Yiwei's entourage on the map of the National Palace Museum in Taipei.
2. Detective Zhang Ting
"Patrol" is a major feature that distinguishes the Royal Guards from other guards in past dynasties. Jinyiwei is responsible for investigating criminal cases, including the government offices of Nanzhen and Beizhen, among which Beizhen government office was added in the 15th year of Hongwu, specializing in cases decided by the emperor.
In the first year of Chenghua, Jiabei Town resumed the imperial edict, so that all criminal prisons did not have to be shut down. Pumice in Beizhen has its own imperial prison, which can be arrested, tortured and executed by itself without going through ordinary judicial institutions. There are five guards under the North and South Town Government. Generals are called thousands of households, hundreds of households, military flags and small flags, and ordinary soldiers are called a captain and lux.
Zhang Ting wanted to drag the minister who offended the emperor out of the meridian gate and beat him with a stick. The officer in charge of executing the death penalty is the captain of the Royal Guards, and the eunuch in charge of executing the death penalty is Jane. The officials who received the staff were stripped of their official clothes, tied with straw ropes and squatted on the ground. They collected 80 sticks and executed a captain for every 5 sticks. 16 people.
The captain of the execution took the expression and movements of the eunuch as the basis of his staff weight: if the eunuch's feet were open, the victim could still live; If the eunuch's toes are close together, the victim will be killed under the staff. More than 500 times in the Ming Dynasty, more than 50 ministers were clubbed to death.
As the personal bodyguard of the emperor, Royal Guards must take precautions to ensure the safety of the emperor. So they went out from time to time to inquire about behaviors and remarks that might threaten imperial power and endanger the court, and arrested and interrogated suspects. Their tasks were chartered by the emperor and gradually evolved into the functions of military agents.
During the Hongwu period, Zhu Yuanzhang wrote to burn the instruments of torture of the Royal Guards and abolish their functions because of the illegal abuse of prisoners by the Royal Guards. After the Ming Emperor Judy ascended the throne, all the powers of the Royal Guards were restored and strengthened.
He set up a government office in Beizhen, specializing in "prison summons", which can directly arrest and torture prisoners, and the judicial organs such as the Ministry of Punishment, Dali Temple and Duchayuan have no right to ask. During the Chenghua period in Ming Xianzong, the seal of Beizhen Fusi was added, and all criminals were presented to the emperor, making Beizhen Fusi in Wei Jinyi a judicial institution directly under the jurisdiction of the emperor, and its power reached the extreme.
The Royal Guards Official School, which is responsible for reconnaissance and arrest, is called "Tiqi". Due to the lack of power constraints, they accused Luo Zhi of seeking credit and rewards and expanding the scope of the case by hook or by crook, resulting in numerous unjust, false and wrong cases.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Wei Jinyi