French snail
Also known as grape snail, it is named because it mainly lives in grape plantations and feeds on grape stems, leaves, buds and fruits. Because it looks like an apple, it is also called an apple snail, and its scientific name is a snail. Bright snail varieties are produced in France, Italy, the former Soviet Union and other countries. The adaptation limits of temperature and loose snails are basically the same. The weight of this variety can reach 400g g.
Shells are spherical, with a height of 28~35mm and a width of 45~60mm. The shell is thick, solid and opaque, with 5.0~5.5 spiral layers, and the spiral part grows slowly and shows a low cone shape. The spiral layer is enlarged, the shell mouth is not inclined downward, and the shell surface is dark yellow-brown or yellow-brown, shiny, with many dark brown bands. The top of the shell is blunt and round, and the adult umbilical foramen is covered by the axial lip. The shell mouth is oval, the mouth edge is sharp, the lips are turned outwards, and the endoplasm is light yellow or light brown.
Walking snail
It is a "Halix" snail, native to France, Britain and other regions in Central and Western Europe. It usually lives in gardens or bushes, so it is called "garden snail", also called loose snail. Adult snails are slightly smaller, about 3 cm in diameter. Snail shell is thin and yellow-brown, with four purple-brown stripes, and its surface is covered with many yellow-brown spots. At present, the cultured snails in China are small and have poor economic benefits due to the variety degradation.
Agate snail
People in Taiwan Province province call it dewdrop snail, and in Guangdong area it is called East snail, vegetable snail or flower snail, which belongs to agate snail. Agate snails originated in Madagascar in East Africa and later spread all over the tropics. It is the largest snail in the world, so it is also called African snail. The shape of a snail is conical, and the surface of the snail shell is covered with a yellowish brown shell with dark brown patterns. Usually, the shell of an adult snail is about 6 ~ 8 cm long, 3 ~ 4 cm wide and weighs more than 50 grams. In West Africa, especially on the Gold Coast, people regard snails as the only animal, protein. Because this kind of snail tastes delicious and is welcomed by European and American bosses, it makes the African giant snail become the staple food snail in the world today. This kind of snail is a variety suitable for growing under natural conditions in China.
At present, the widely cultivated variety in China is called white snail, which is named after its white color. It belongs to mollusks, gastropods and terrestrial shellfish. Androgyny is the best of all the edible snails in the world. White jade snail is one of the unique animals in China. It has special value, special nutrition, special flavor and special uses. It has delicious meat, rich nutrition, high protein and low fat, and is rich in more than 20 kinds of amino acids. It is also the best tonic for astronauts and athletes.
It belongs to the variation variety of agate snail. Its uniqueness lies in the different muscle colors of its head, neck and feet, but it is not different from the brown cloud agate snail in shape and living habits, and its culture method is basically the same, but it requires higher sanitary conditions and higher export economic value. Snail is a precious wild animal resource, a special economic animal with special economic significance and development value. It does not compete for labor, grain and cultivated land, with less investment, low cost, quick effect, high income, simple feeding, wide feed, high reproduction rate, low incidence, strong hunger tolerance, no noise, no smell and no pollution, and easy to popularize.
It is precisely because of the above advantages of snails that their reproduction and development have high economic significance, which is embodied in the following aspects.
First, a large number of exports earn foreign exchange.
With the development of snail farming, snails will not only become the treasures of China people's banquets, but also a large number of snail foods will be exchanged abroad. Because there are dozens of shops specializing in snail products in Paris, France, the self-produced snails only account for about 3%~5% of the consumption, and all the snails needed are imported. There are other countries, such as the United States, Canada, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, Italy, Austria, Britain and so on, whose demand for snails is increasing day by day. However, these countries have small agricultural land area, large amount of pesticides and fertilizers, and few agricultural and sideline products, which are not suitable for raising snails. Especially 1986 After the accident of Chernobyl nuclear power plant in the former Soviet Union, European snails were polluted, which further increased the demand for China snails in the international market, and snails frozen meat. It is reported that the demand for snails in Japan, South Korea, Singapore and other countries is also increasing recently.
China is a large agricultural country with abundant resources. Originally, its economy was relatively backward, and its investment in agriculture was low, especially the use of pesticides and fertilizers was relatively lower than that of developed countries. This is something that no country in the world can compete with China in developing snail farming. We are fully qualified to monopolize the international snail market.
Second, provide cheap and high-quality protein feed.
Developing snail breeding and feeding livestock with various feed additives made of snails can not only reduce the cost, but also greatly improve the utilization rate of other feeds. For example, in some white jade snail breeding bases, pigs of the same breed and age were divided into two groups, and the complete feed made of snails and ordinary starch protein feed were added for experiments: the crude protein content of both groups accounted for 12.43%. As a result, the group fed with snail feed gained 38.9 kg per head at the same time, which was 4 kg more than that fed with starch feed, and it cost 0.2 1 yuan less for each 500 g gain. The reason is that snail feed contains a variety of enzymes and different amino acids, which can not only meet the needs of pig growth and development, but also improve the digestion and utilization rate of feed to supply pigs with more comprehensive nutritional needs. Therefore, the development of snail feed can reduce the cost of meat and eggs, improve people's consumption quality and reduce expenditure.
Third, improve the utilization rate of agricultural resources.
According to statistics, at present, the dry matter containing solar energy accumulated by green plants in the world is about 965.438+billion tons, and only 40% can be used, while 60% of the dry matter containing solar energy such as leaves and crop leaves and many agricultural and sideline products are mostly lignin and cellulose, which cannot be digested by human beings and ordinary animals, so it is wasted. However, the digestive tract of snails contains more than 30 kinds of enzymes, which can be completely decomposed and transformed. Such as various leaves, leaves of crops and leaves of melons and beans, are good feed for snails. Snails can completely turn agricultural and sideline products that people can't use into nutrients that can be supplied to people and animals, providing more energy for human beings. Moreover, if the feed for poultry and livestock is used to raise snails, the utilization value of the feed can be improved. Someone tried to feed snails with mixed water of bran and rice bran after they were born. After four months, a catty of feed can become a catty of snails. The conversion rate of this feed is beyond the reach of any animal. Therefore, the development of snail farming can not only use the useless waste energy of existing agricultural and sideline products, but also improve the utilization rate of available resources.
Fourth, promote the sustained and stable development of diversified industries.
1, promoting agricultural development
Farmers can transfer a part of idle labor force to raise snails, and the income of a labor force can reach more than 20 thousand yuan a year. It is higher than the income of planting 20 mu of land. The planting structure can also be adjusted to facilitate the development of intensive planting. You can also use the income from snail farming to increase agricultural income and change the rural landscape.
2. Promote the development of animal husbandry.
Experimental research shows that, because snails contain a variety of amino acids, enzymes and vitamins, as long as snail feces or snail leftovers and snails themselves are added to the feed, even if other ingredients in the feed are not changed, the growth rate of livestock will be faster than before. Therefore, developing snail farming is one of the most effective ways to promote the development of animal husbandry.
3. Promote the development of processing industry
At present, white jade snail has successfully developed more than 20 kinds of products in China, and all of them have been put into the market, which is deeply loved by people. Such as snail food, snail frozen meat, snail canned food, snail cake, snail beverage, snail medicine, snail cosmetics, snail feed, snail enzyme, snail vinegar and egg liquid, snail wine, etc. The processing equipment and technology of so many products have long been solved. However, these processing industries also have some problems that need to be solved urgently. If the snail breeding industry develops, many processing industries above will develop. Therefore, snail farming can promote the development of processing industry.
4. Promote the development of commercial foreign trade.
With the development of snail farming and processing industry, China's commercial foreign trade will be more prosperous. Many snail products put on the market not only bring prosperity to our people's lives, but also monopolize the international market of Chinese snail products, especially white jade snail products. Because China is suitable for developing snail farming, only China has white jade snails. According to reports, the export price of white jade snails is several times that of black meat snails. Therefore, the development of snail farming, especially the development of white jade snail farming, will inevitably promote the rapid development of commercial foreign trade.
5. Promote the development of high technology.
Before extracting snail enzyme in China, it cost 65,438+000 dollars to import one gram of snail enzyme. So snail enzyme is called soft gold. At that time, although many projects such as medicine, biology, cosmetics, textiles and fermentation needed snail enzyme. Because its price is too high, it cannot be realized. For example, in genetic research, it takes a lot of complicated processes to recombine a pair of excellent genes to create a new variety, which takes a long time and has poor results. For example, snail enzyme can easily melt the cell walls of two kinds of plant cells, realize gene recombination and cultivate new varieties. This method is simpler and less time-consuming than hybridization or pollen culture to create new varieties, and it is safer and more reliable than other chemicals to treat plants. In addition, the cell wall of yeast is dissolved by snail enzyme, and the dissolved yeast cells can still maintain their biological activity. Taking out yeast mitochondria from it can change the properties and functions of the original yeast and improve its utilization value. Therefore, the development of snail farming can also promote the development of high technology.
White jade snail, named after its white head and skin, is famous for its extremely rich nutritional value. It is not only a delicious food, but also a treasure of medicinal diet. Snails are cold and salty, clearing away heat and toxic materials, reducing swelling and softening hardness, and can cure many diseases. White jade snail is a treasure with high comprehensive utilization value, large demand and great potential for deep processing. White jade snail is a kind of advanced nutrition with high protein (including more than 20 kinds of amino acids), low fat and zero cholesterol. Regular consumption can increase nutrition, enhance endurance, improve physical fitness, keep skin smooth and healthy, delay aging and prolong life. The special protein contained in snails is very beneficial to children's intellectual development. Snail and eggs can cure many diseases in medicine. According to Compendium of Materia Medica, snails can make 18 kinds of prescriptions. Modern Chinese medicine believes that snails are cold and salty, and when they enter the large intestine, lungs and kidneys, they have the effects of resolving phlegm, clearing away heat and toxic materials, inducing diuresis, reducing swelling, relieving asthma, softening hardness and regulating hernia. It is mainly used for treating hemorrhoid swelling and pain, sore throat, asthma, dehydration, infantile umbilical wind, foot rot, Japanese encephalitis, wind shock, diphtheria, mumps, hypertension and other diseases. To sum up, extensive development of snail farming, development and utilization is a shortcut to improve people's health and get rich as soon as possible.