However, even in an era of single color, people's love for beauty will still be revealed. A photographer called this expression "unstoppable" "Living in the Spring", this pursuit of beauty that is conveyed naturally is a deep imprint of an era left in people's minds.
③Since the reform and opening up - colorful, fashionable and individual
Since the reform and opening up, the colors and styles of clothing have become more diversified, and the fabrics and textures have also undergone great changes.
1980 is the third year of China’s reform and opening up. With the development of the times, people's clothing has become more and more diverse, and the colors have changed from single blue to gray to colorful. The domestic feature film "Love in Lushan" released at that time became a favorite film among young people. The long-lost love story and the novel fashion of the heroine in the film all give people a refreshing feeling. How many sets of clothes she changed in the film became a hot topic among young people at the time. During this period, wearing sunglasses, long hair, bell bottoms, and bat shirts became fashionable. Many people were not used to it, but young people found their individuality and sense of self.
The first fashion model team in mainland China was established in 1981. Although it only enrolled students in the name of "Clothing Advertising Art Performance Class" at that time, what surprised the organizers was the number of people who came to sign up. Four times as much as expected. Three years later, the performance team toured Europe and caused a sensation. Western public opinion exclaimed: "Mao Zedong's children are wearing fashion!" The fashion whirlwind from China has brought a new image of openness to the world.
In 1984, when the Chinese women’s volleyball team won three consecutive championships at the Los Angeles Olympics, sportswear became popular in Beijing. Brightly colored sportswear has become the first choice for people who love beauty. People wear sportswear almost anywhere and anytime, and it has even become school uniforms for students and factory uniforms for workers.
In the 1990s, people's lives transitioned to a moderately prosperous life, and their ideas became more open. People's clothing is changing rapidly. Dressing emphasizes individuality and change. It is difficult to summarize fashion trends with one style or color. Emphasizing individuality and not chasing fashion has become a fashion in itself.
From the changes in clothing, we can see the progress of the times and the changes in people's inner concepts. Changes in clothing are premised on economic development, and also reflect the changes in people's ideas and concepts with the changes of the times, from the past "herd" mentality to "the pursuit of individuality." Changes in clothing are a manifestation of the improvement of people's quality of life.
2. Increasingly rich diet
There is a saying that "food is the first necessity of the people". It can be said that people regard "food" as the minimum standard of life, and at the same time, people also regard "food" as their first priority. "Food" is the highest pursuit and enjoyment of life. From the changes in "food", we can reflect the rise and fall of wealth and poverty in a society, and we can appreciate the changes in social history.
① In the early days of the founding of the People’s Republic of China - living in poverty, not having enough to eat or having a meager diet
② Before the reform and opening up - there was great improvement, but food was scarce and monotonous, tickets were prevalent, and people were undernourished. Some rural areas have not solved the basic problem of food and clothing.
Food stamps are a product of the planned economy. In the early 1950s, there was a food shortage in our country. The Central Government Administration Council issued an order in October 1953: the country will implement a planned supply of grain and adopt a voucher method to sell grain rationed. Food stamps appeared. Since August 1960, the city's catering industry in Beijing has implemented ticket-based dining, and limited supplies of cooking oil, poultry, eggs, meat, soy products, and vegetables have also been implemented.
During this period, there were many kinds of bills. In addition to grain, oil and cloth coupons, they also issued subsidized bean coupons, pastry coupons, oil coupons for advanced mental workers, and holiday subsidized oil coupons. In some places, briquette coupons, popsicle coupons, and cigarette coupons were also issued. Liquor, candy and tofu tickets. In the era when tickets were popular, there was also an era of material shortages. Only during New Years and holidays, people could buy some pastries, candies, and dry fruits with tickets, and the portions were very small.
Question: Why do people use tickets on page 112 of the book?
Student answer: Because the productivity level is not high and material supply is tight, vouchers need to be used to limit people's purchasing power.
During the three-year natural disaster period, food and vegetables were in short supply. When they were not full, people often ate carrots to satisfy their hunger. People are a little bloated due to a lack of basic nutrients.
③Since the reform and opening up - not only can you eat well, but you can also eat well, with balanced nutrition and a good mix of thickness and thickness. Green food has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.
Since the 1990s, food supply and demand have moved toward the market. The demise of food stamps has become a historical necessity. In May 1993, Beijing finally stopped using food stamps, and food stamps completely disappeared from the stage of history. Some cloth stamps, oil stamps, meat stamps, and tofu stamps that symbolized the shortage economy have also withdrawn from people's daily life. Today these symbols of the times have become treasures in the hands of collectors.
Today, our material life has been greatly enriched. We have a wide variety of food in wet markets, supermarkets, and hypermarkets. People's requirements for food are also getting higher and higher. They must not only "eat well", but also eat healthily. The concept of scientific hygiene is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. People pay attention to balanced nutrition, good matching of thickness and light taste. They should eat more fruits and vegetables and less high-fat and high-cholesterol foods. Wild vegetables and whole grains that were used to satisfy hunger in the past due to insufficient food have now become healthy foods on the table.
"Use your brain": Why have wild vegetables and whole grains, which were used to satisfy hunger in the past due to insufficient food, now become delicacies on the table?
Answer: Because in the past, people were short of food and only had wild vegetables and whole grains. People had no choice to satisfy their needs. Nowadays, food supply is abundant, and people not only need to eat enough, but also eat well. People pay attention to nutritional balance, combination of thickness and thickness, and choosing green foods.
The improvement in people's living standards reflects the further development of social productivity and the prosperity of the socialist market economy since the reform and opening up.
3. Residential houses with a new look
① During the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China - living conditions were extremely poor
Most of the houses of urban residents are small in size and have simple facilities. For example, the large courtyards in the north and the pavilions in the south are very crowded and messy, and the small rooms give people a sense of oppression. In rural areas, there are mostly adobe houses and cave dwellings in the northern interior, while those in the south mostly live in thatched houses. The houses are dilapidated, in disrepair, and in danger. People and animals sometimes live together in the same room, and sanitary conditions are poor.
②Before the reform and opening up - continuous improvement, but living conditions are still poor
Uniform and monotonous flat-panel houses replaced the dilapidated residential houses in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China. Pieces of fish-scale tiles replaced the dilapidated roof, and the walls were no longer made of stone bricks, but flat and white walls made of lime. However, there are few decorations inside the house, with only basic furniture such as beds, tables, and chairs. It looks simple and tidy, and is filled with harmony and tranquility.
③Since the reform and opening up - the living area has expanded and living conditions have been significantly improved
The old-fashioned ordinary houses can no longer meet the needs of the people, so new residential quarters have emerged. From now on, the buildings are lined up like a new city.
Beijing began to build affordable housing in 1998, providing "affordable and affordable" options for residents of dilapidated housing projects and low- and middle-income families in Beijing. Through affordable housing, people understand what it means to "break the old and build the new". A large number of residents moved out of old houses without kitchens, toilets, water supply and sewers, and moved into new buildings with guaranteed housing quality, beautiful community environment, and convenient shopping and transportation.
Today, people have more choices for living, including high-rise residential areas, duplex buildings, garden communities, and even unique villas with single doors and courtyards. When we climb high-rise buildings and overlook the city's dazzling scenery, we can also appreciate the ancient people's pride of "being at the top of the mountain and seeing all the small mountains at a glance".
With the improvement of people's living standards, decoration has also become a hot spot. Decoration in various styles enriches our lives and reflects the improvement of people's quality of life.
4. Transportation that extends in all directions
①In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China - transportation was inconvenient
In big cities (such as Beijing and Shanghai), trams and cars are more common. Rickshaws and bicycles are relatively common means of transportation. In general small and medium-sized cities, there are a small number of bicycles and rickshaws. In rural areas, there are horse-drawn carriages and human-powered carts in the north, and ships and ox-carts in the south. Walking is the most common way to travel.
②Before the reform and opening up - there were improvements, but bicycles were the main ones
During the "First Five-Year Plan" period, the Baocheng-Chengdu Railway and the Yingxia Railway were built; The Tibet Highway was built to the "Roof of the World", which has strengthened the connection between the mainland of the motherland and the frontiers, and also facilitated economic and cultural exchanges. In 1957, the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge was completed, connecting the transportation from the north to the south of the Yangtze River. The country's overall transportation level has improved.
Before the reform and opening up, urban transportation resources were extremely limited. In addition to walking on two feet, the only means of transportation for people to travel were buses and bicycles. However, there are few bus routes and the carriages are often overcrowded. In comparison, the most convenient means of transportation is of course bicycles. China was once called the "Bicycle Kingdom", which shows people's dependence on bicycles. However, road construction at that time was also very backward, which brought a lot of inconvenience to people's daily lives.
③Since the reform and opening up - transportation conditions have improved significantly, and railways, highways and air routes have grown rapidly
In China in the late 1980s, traveling was not a thing for many people Pleasant things are difficult to buy tickets, difficult to take a bus, and difficult to transport. Due to insufficient railway transport capacity, the railway passenger volume at that time was overloaded by 50 per day and over 100 at peak times. 800,000 people stood and took the train every day. The country's annual backlog of materials was as high as 150 million tons, and the gap in north-south transportation reached 60 million tons.
During the Republic of China, the Beijing-Hankou Railway was the main artery connecting the north and the south. However, the progress of the times has made it no longer able to meet the needs of the people. In 1992, the central government made a decisive decision: the Beijing-Kowloon Railway would be opened in three years, and the concept of the Beijing-Kowloon Railway had been updated. The southern end point was extended from Jiujiang in Jiangxi to Kowloon in Hong Kong. On May 2, 1993, the main railway line with the largest scale, the largest investment, and the longest mileage built at one time since the founding of the People's Republic of China started. On the morning of November 16, 1995, the entire Beijing-Kowloon Railway was laid. On September 1, 1996, four months ahead of schedule, the Beijing-Kowloon Railway was fully operational. This steel artery spans nine provinces and cities, easing the contradiction between north and south transportation and solving the bottleneck problem of railway transportation; it connects Hong Kong and Beijing, which are about to return to the motherland, and maintains the prosperity and stability of Hong Kong and Macao; it passes through many This revolutionary old district has brought hope to the people of the old district to get rid of poverty and become rich.
Highways are an important symbol of a country’s transportation modernization. The ownership of highways has also become an indicator of economic development. In December 1984, the construction of the Hujia Expressway began in Shanghai and was completed and opened to traffic on October 31, 1988. This is the first expressway in my country that is fully open to traffic, and has opened a new page in the history of highway construction in my country. In addition to inter-provincial highways, many provinces and regions across the country are building short- and medium-distance highways within their regions, forming a nationwide highway network. At the same time, it should be pointed out to students that convenient transportation has also brought about environmental protection problems in urban development, and there is an urgent need to solve the problems of environmental pollution and traffic congestion. Interested students are asked to write an article "My View on Urban Traffic". We are reminded to enhance environmental awareness and understand the importance of building and developing ecological cities.
Now we see that the roads in modern metropolises are full of life, with crowds of people and traffic flowing through them. These means of transportation are also diverse, with more bus routes and improved facilities (not only ordinary buses, but also more advanced luxury buses and double-decker buses, with air conditioners and mobile TVs installed in the vehicles); taxis are just around the corner, and private Cars are also common, and new forms of transportation such as subways and light rails have emerged.
In their busy work, people find that the round-trip travel time has been shortened, and the roads have become smoother... People's concepts of transportation have also changed greatly. Holiday travel has increased, and domestic travel and overseas travel have begun to shift from sightseeing to leisure travel. model, and outbound tourism is becoming more and more popular, with more and more choices. Moreover, superficial tourism is increasingly unable to meet the needs of tourists. Personalized tourism is quietly gaining popularity. People are relaxing on vacation and starting to truly Enjoy the fun brought by traveling.
60 Years of Changes in the Motherland
Sixty years ago, the People's Republic of China was proclaimed and the Republic of China was founded. A new era in history. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, hundreds of millions of people have worked hard to explore the development path of socialism with Chinese characteristics. In the process of reform, opening up, and modernization, they have created miracles one after another, realizing the goal of strengthening the country, enriching the people, and strengthening the nation. A century-old dream of revival. Today's China is full of vitality, various undertakings are flourishing, and the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics has shown strong vitality.
Over the past 60 years, China has become more prosperous step by step, and the Chinese people live and work in peace and contentment. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway is an almost impossible railway, but the Chinese people have achieved it; the speed of trains has been increased many times, making people's lives more convenient; the construction of Olympic venues, and the successful hosting of the Olympic Games have made the whole country cheer... China is using its own wisdom and Sweat accomplishes one feat after another!
In the past 60 years, China, an ancient civilization with a population of 1.3 billion, has become a harmonious family. In 1998, a huge flood in the south submerged many buildings and people, but it could not destroy the love of the Chinese people. At the end of 2007, when the Spring Festival was approaching, a sudden snowstorm blocked people's way home. But it cannot hinder the determination of the Chinese people to provide disaster relief; in May 2008, the Wenchuan earthquake with a magnitude of 8.0 on the Richter scale once touched the hearts of people all over the world. The earthquake knocked down buildings and broke the hearts of the families of the deceased. , but it cannot dampen the enthusiasm of the Chinese people to overcome many difficulties. I believe that no matter how big a difficulty is divided by 1.3 billion, it will become a small trouble, and no matter how small a help is multiplied by 1.3 billion, it will become a great support. The descendants of Yan and Huang will hold hands, heart to heart, and overcome all difficulties!
Over the past 60 years, China’s aerospace industry has developed rapidly, and China has made great progress in history